基础系统

下载archlinux最新iso文件：http://www.archlinux.org/download/
可以制作成光盘，或U盘启动

U盘启动

下载LinuxLive USB Creator：http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
用LinuxLive USB Creator制作可启动的USB盘
修改BIOS，从USB启动，进入archlinux

设置arch源

编辑/etc/pacman.conf

[archlinuxfr]
SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch

编辑/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

硬盘分区

假设系统硬盘为/dev/sda，这边是SSD
执行fdisk /dev/sda进行分区，假设新建的系统分区为/dev/sda1
mkfs -t ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=128,stripe-width=128 /dev/sda1

安装系统

执行wifi-menu，连接合适的无线网络

编辑/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist，选择合适的server，比如163.com的源就比较快

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
pacstrap /mnt grub2-bios
genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
arch-chroot /mnt

设置arch源，见上节

ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
mkinitcpio -p linux
grub-install --no-floppy /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
pacman -S net-tools wpa_actiond wireless_tools wpa_supplicant ifplugd dialog
exit
reboot

重启之后，执行wifi-menu连接到无线网络

系统更新

pacman -Syu
pacman -S yaourt

系统配置

图形界面

安装图形界面

#安装X
yaourt -S xorg xorg-xinit consolekit
#安装XFCE
yaourt -S xfce4 xfce4-notifyd

进入X的配置，不然关机键老是灰的：编辑~/.xinitrc
```
exec ck-launch-session dbus-launch startxfce4
```

声卡

安装：yaourt -S gstreamer0.10 gstreamer0.10-base-plugins
配置：ArchWiki:设置ALSA

输入法(scim)

安装：yaourt -S ibus ibus-table-zhengma ibus-pinyin
配置：IBus

输入法(fcitx)

安装：yaourt -S fcitx fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-table-extra

中文环境

vim /etc/locale.gen，指定zh_CN.UTF-8

vim /etc/local.conf

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN.UTF-8

执行locale-gen
vim /etc/rc.conf
```
LOCALE=zh_CN.UTF-8
```

时间

yaourt -S ntp
ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org

热插拔(xfce4)

yaourt -S ntfs-3g thunar-volman gvfs gvfs-afc gvfs-gphoto2 gvfs-mtp udisks

配置 /etc/fstab，手动挂载磁盘

/dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb ntfs-3g noauto,users,permissions 0 0

常用软件

类型	软件
下载	rsync curl lftp wget axel
字体	wqy-bitmapfont wqy-zenhei ttf-monaco
视频	smplayer flashplugin ffmpeg flashplayer
办公	libreoffice-zh-CN libreoffice-impress libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc
解压	unzip
浏览器	firefox firefox-i18n-zh-cn
网络	dnsutils traceroute wireshark-gtk

网络

根据MAC地址固定网卡名称

编辑文件/etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:26:2d:f6:ad:43", NAME="eth0"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="70:f1:a1:28:5a:ad", NAME="wlan0"

无线(netctl)

安装: yaourt -S net-tools wireless_tools wpa_supplicant netctl

配置: 参考/etc/netctl/examples/

新建一个/etc/netctl/athome配置(wpa)

CONNECTION='wireless'
DESCRIPTION='athome'
INTERFACE='wlan0'
SECURITY='wpa'
ESSID=athome
IP='dhcp'
KEY=athomepasswd

新建一个/etc/netctl/atwork配置(wep)

CONNECTION='wireless'
DESCRIPTION='atwork'
INTERFACE='wlan0'
SECURITY='wep'
ESSID=atwork
IP='dhcp'
KEY="s:myatworkpasswd"

开机启动
```
netctl enable athome
```
手工启动
```
netctl start athome
```

无线(wpa_supplicant)

安装: yaourt -S net-tools wireless_tools wpa_supplicant

配置: 假设配置ESSID为mywireless，密码为mypasswd的无线

wpa_passphrase mywireless mypasswd >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

手动修改/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

update_config=1
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel
ap_scan=1
fast_reauth=1

network={
	ssid="mywireless"

	#proto=WPA
	proto=RSN
	key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
	pairwise=CCMP TKIP
	group=CCMP TKIP

	#psk="mypasswd"
	psk=09896d6dc939e1d6b279c10ee3d4d1c8c75970ce345c6552b7ee47d892f0740e
}

手动连接：假设无线网卡为wlan0

WLAN=wlan0
ESSID=mywireless
PASSWD=mypasswd

rm /run/dhcpcd-$WLAN.pid
rm /var/run/wpa_supplicant/$WLAN

ifconfig $WLAN up

wpa_supplicant -dd -B -Dwext -i $WLAN -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

ifconfig $WLAN up
iwconfig $WLAN essid $ESSID key "s:$PASSWD"
dhcpcd $WLAN

vpn

参考：archlinux pptp(vpn)拨号连接

没看到arch下有/etc/ppp/ip-up.d目录，用以下脚本来启动vpn，我没有把它加为开机启动项，嗯。

#!/bin/zsh

#取网关地址
gateway=`route|grep default|grep eth0|awk '{print $2;}'`
vpn_gateway="192.168.6.253"

echo "拨号..."
sudo poff -a
sleep 2
sudo pon lab
sleep 3

echo "修改路由..."
#科大的地址不从vpn走
sudo route add -net 202.38.0.0/16 gw $gateway eth0
sudo route add -net 210.45.0.0/16 gw $gateway eth0
sudo route add -net 211.86.0.0/16 gw $gateway eth0

#默认从vpn走
sudo route del default
sudo route add default gw $vpn_gateway dev ppp0

#看路由
sudo route -n

其它

NGINX+PHP

yaourt -S nginx spawn-fcgi php-cgi
以http(用户):http(组)启动fastcgi : spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -C 5 -u http -g http -f /usr/bin/php-cgi

配置/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

location / {
    root   /var/www;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
    root           /var/www;
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

启动nginx: /etc/rc.d/nginx start

KERNEL PANIC 恢复

系统升级失败，重启提示kernel panic，switch_root : fail to ...
从live cd启动，将原来系统的根分区挂载到/mnt下，再用旧版glibc恢复之
```
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
yaourt -U glibc-2.16.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz -r /mnt
```

Arch Linux

安装笔记